Components

The major portion of artificial light today comes from fluorescent lamps. This light source operateds with mercury vapour at low pressure. The electrodes at the ends of the fluorescent lamp are made of tungsten wire which is covered with an emitter.

This Facilitates the emission of electrons into the lamp's discharge chamber. As a result of the reaction of the electrons with the atoms of mercury vapour, UV radiation is given off which excites the fluorescent substances lining the inside of the lamp tube so that they radiate within the visible range of 380 to 780 mm.

In addition to the standard fluorescent lamp, there is also the so-called prime-colour fluorescent lamp which, thanks to its special fluorescent material, achieves an up to 30% higher luminous efficiency than the standard version. The term "prime-colour" comes from the "relative spectral enegy distribution" (spectrum) in the three ranges of blue,green/yellow, and yellow/red which are resposible fro balanced colour rendition.

Phosphor : Coating inside the bulb transforms ultraviolet radiation into visible light. Color of light produced depends on composition of phosphor.

Cathode : "Hot cathods" at each end of lamp is coated with emissive materials which emits electrons. Usually made of coiled-coil or single-coil tungsten wire.

Electrode Guard : For Maximum lumen maintenance. An "electrode guard" around each electrode to effectively reduce lamp darkening and retain a clean appearance for thousands of hours.

Exhaust Tube : Air is exhausted through this tubeduring manufacture and inert gas introduced into the bulb.

Base : Several different types used to connect the lamp to the electric circuit and to support the lamp in the lampholder.

Mercury : Aminute quantity of liquid mercury is placed in the bulb to furnish mercury vapor.

Gas : Usually argon or a mixture of inert gasses at low pressure.

Stem Press : The lead-in   wires have an air tight seal here and are mode of Dumet wire to assure about the same coefficient of expansion as the glass.

Lead-in Wires : Connect to the base pins and carry the current to and from the cathodes and the mercury arc.

Fluorescent Lamps

        All fluorescent lamps contain mercury. Never disassemble or modify the bulb. To prevent risk of fire, never install the compact fluorescent lamp in the following fixtures : Fixture on dimming circuits,or emergency lights powerd by dirtect current. To prevent a burn, please do not touch the compact fluorescent lamp during operation or immediately after switch off.

Halogen Lamps

        Halogen lamps operate under high temperature and pressure and may shatter. Allow lamp to cool before handling. Protective panels should be provided with the fixture. Only use the lamp type, rated wattage and voltage that the fixture specifies. Do not use if lamp is scratched or broken, as it may break during installation or while operating. Do not use in close proximity to liquids, combustible materials, and objects which are sensitive to drying of fading. Do not touch lamp with bare hands. This may reduce the life expectancy of the lamp. (If the lamp is touched, wipe clean with a cloth and rubbing alcohol.)

Incandescent Lamps

        All incadescent lamps should be always checked light fixture before replacing any bulb to insure specified wattage is not exceeded. All Blacklites get very hot in use and should be cooled before handling. Do not use in an enclosed fixture. Blacklites should not come in contact with any liquids or flammable materials. Blacklites may shatter if exposed to liquids, unusal vibration or rough handling.

Last Updated on  29/10/99
by Asia Lamp Industry Co., Ltd.

          The light colour of a lamp is described in terms of the colour temperature T_c adn units Kelvin (K). The Kelvin temperature scale begins at absolute zero (0 Kelvin = -273^oC) The colour temperature is used to denote the colour of a light source by comparison with the colour of a standard "black-body radiator". A "black-body radiator" is and "idealised" solid body, e.g. out of platinum, that absorbs all light hitting it, and which therefore has a reflective radiance of zero.

          When a "black-body" is heated slowly, it passes through gradations of colour from dark red,red, orange, yellow, white to light blue. The higher the temperature, the whiter the colour. The temperature in K of a "black-body radiator" at which it has the same colour as the light source being measured is the most similar colour temperature of that light source. An incandescent lamp with its warm white light, for example, has a closest colour temperature of 2800 K, a neutral white fluorescent lamp 4000K and a daylight fluorescent lamp 5000K.

         For reasons of standardization, the light colours of lamps are divided into three groups: dw - daylight white, nw - neutral white and ww - warm white. Lamps with the same light colour can emit light of completely different spectral composition and therefore quite different colour rendering properties. It is not possible to draw conclusions about the quality of colour rendering from the light colour.

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